Sensory Processing

This includes sound, sight, touch, taste and smell, as well as information relating to movement, body position and internal physical sensations.

People vary considerably in how strongly they experience and respond to sensory information.

What are sensory differences?

Some people are particularly sensitive to certain sensations, while others may seek stronger sensory input.

A person can also be sensitive in one sensory area while seeking stimulation in another.

Sensory differences are commonly reported by autistic people and can also occur in ADHD and other neurodevelopmental presentations.

Sensory sensitivity

Someone who is particularly sensitive to sensory input may find certain environments overwhelming.

Examples can include:

• Bright or flickering lights
• Loud or unpredictable sounds
• Multiple conversations happening at once
• Particular clothing fabrics or labels
• Strong smells
• Certain food textures
• Unexpected physical contact
• Crowded environments

An experience that seems minor to another person can feel extremely intense.

Sensory seeking

Some people actively seek additional sensory input because it helps them feel regulated or alert.

This may include:

• Moving or rocking
• Fidgeting
• Listening to music
• Touching particular textures
• Seeking strong flavours
• Using weighted items
• Repeating movements

Sensory-seeking behaviour is not necessarily problematic. It can be an effective way of regulating the nervous system.

Sensory overload

Sensory overload can occur when the amount or intensity of sensory information becomes more than a person can comfortably process.

Someone may become distressed, irritable, exhausted, unable to concentrate or need to leave the environment.

For some autistic people this may contribute to a meltdown or shutdown.

Supporting sensory needs

Support should be individualised.

Helpful approaches may include:

• Reducing unnecessary noise
• Using headphones or ear protection where appropriate
• Adjusting lighting
• Choosing comfortable clothing
• Taking breaks from demanding environments
• Creating predictable routines
• Allowing movement or fidgeting
• Planning recovery time after highly stimulating activities

Understanding triggers can help someone anticipate situations that may be difficult and identify strategies that work for them.

Sensory differences and assessment

Sensory differences alone do not establish a diagnosis of ADHD or autism.

During a neurodevelopmental assessment, sensory experiences are considered alongside communication, development, attention, behaviour and everyday functioning to understand the broader clinical picture.